Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure commonly used to treat glaucoma, a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Trabeculectomy is designed to create a new drainage channel for the aqueous humor (fluid) in the eye, helping to lower IOP. Here are key points about trabeculectomy:

Indications for Trabeculectomy:

• Trabeculectomy is often recommended when other conservative treatments, such as medications and laser therapy, fail to adequately control intraocular pressure.
• It is commonly used for open-angle glaucoma but may also be considered in certain cases of closed-angle glaucoma.

Surgical Technique:

• The surgery involves creating a small flap in the sclera (white part of the eye) to access the trabecular meshwork, which is the drainage structure in the eye.
• A small piece of the trabecular meshwork is removed to create a hole or "fistula" that allows aqueous humor to bypass the natural drainage pathway and flow out of the eye.

Mitomycin-C or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU):

• In some cases, antifibrotic agents such as Mitomycin-C or 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) may be applied during the surgery to reduce scarring and increase the success rate of the procedure.

Formation of a Bleb:

• The aqueous humor drains into the subconjunctival space, forming a fluid-filled space known as a bleb.
• The bleb allows for controlled drainage of fluid, lowering intraocular pressure.

Postoperative Care:

• Postoperative care includes the use of topical medications to control inflammation, prevent infection, and regulate IOP.
• Frequent follow-up visits are essential to monitor the health of the bleb and adjust medications as needed.

Complications:

• Complications of trabeculectomy can include infection, excessive scarring (hypertrophic scarring), and low IOP (hypotony).
• Close monitoring is crucial to detect and address complications promptly.

Visual Rehabilitation:

• Visual recovery varies among individuals, and improvements may be gradual.
• Regular follow-up examinations are essential to assess visual function and the health of the optic nerve.

Trabeculectomy is an effective surgical option for managing glaucoma, but it's important to note that like any surgery, it carries risks and benefits. The success of trabeculectomy depends on various factors, including the underlying cause of glaucoma, the patient's overall health, and the surgeon's skill. If you or someone you know is considering trabeculectomy or has questions about the procedure, consulting with an experienced ophthalmologist is crucial for personalized advice and guidance.